Book Detail:
Author: Karl Popper
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135626766
Size: 18.14 MB
Format: PDF, ePub, Mobi
Release Date: 2014-05-01
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 4347
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Download PDF The Two Fundamental Problems Of The Theory Of Knowledge eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. In a letter of 1932, Karl Popper described Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnistheorie – The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge – as ‘...a child of crises, above all of ...the crisis of physics.’ Finally available in English, it is a major contribution to the philosophy of science, epistemology and twentieth century philosophy generally. The two fundamental problems of knowledge that lie at the centre of the book are the problem of induction, that although we are able to observe only a limited number of particular events, science nevertheless advances unrestricted universal statements; and the problem of demarcation, which asks for a separating line between empirical science and non-science. Popper seeks to solve these two basic problems with his celebrated theory of falsifiability, arguing that the inferences made in science are not inductive but deductive; science does not start with observations and proceed to generalise them but with problems, which it attacks with bold conjectures. The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge is essential reading for anyone interested in Karl Popper, in the history and philosophy of science, and in the methods and theories of science itself.

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Book Detail:
Author: Karl Raimund Popper
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781135626907
Size: 67.72 MB
Format: PDF, Kindle
Release Date: 2009
Category: Experience
Language: en
View: 6116
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Download PDF The Two Fundamental Problems Of The Theory Of Knowledge eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad.

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Book Detail:
Author: Herbert Keuth
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521839464
Size: 66.19 MB
Format: PDF, Docs
Release Date: 2004-12-27
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 7054
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Download PDF The Philosophy Of Karl Popper eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. Karl Popper is one of the greatest and most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. Originally published in German in 2000, Herbert Keuth's book is a systematic exposition of Popper's philosophy covering the philosophy of science (Part 1); social philosophy (Part 2); and metaphysics (Part 3). More comprehensive than any current introduction to Popper, it is suitable for courses in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of social science.

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Book Detail:
Author: Paul Carus
Publisher: Cosimo, Inc.
ISBN: 160206380X
Size: 36.17 MB
Format: PDF, Mobi
Release Date: 2007-06-01
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 3677
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Download PDF Fundamental Problems eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. 1891. Carus, an independent philosopher who studied and published on Eastern and Western philosophy, was instrumental in raising Western awareness of Buddhism at the turn of the century. Carus writes in the Preface that: The view here presented, in spite of all our differences with Kant, may be considered as the natural outcome of Kant's philosophy. The view here presented unites two qualities which may appear contradictory at first sight. It is radical, and at the same time conservative...and, Our fundamental conceptions of world and life, therefore, for practical purposes, for our individual welfare, for the destiny of our nation and for that of humanity, are of greatest importance. On the philosophy of our age depends the health of our religious, our scientific, our industrial, our mercantile, our political and our social development. See other titles by this author available from Kessinger Publishing.

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Book Detail:
Author: Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191576263
Size: 40.40 MB
Format: PDF, Kindle
Release Date: 2010-05-13
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 6796
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Download PDF The Two Fundamental Problems Of Ethics eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. 'my philosophy is like Thebes with a hundred gates: one can enter from all sides and through each gate arrive at the direct path to the centre' Schopenhauer's two essays On the Freedom of the Will and On the Basis of Morals form his complete system of ethics. Their doctrines, continuous with those in his major work The World as Will and Representation, are presented here in more accessible, self-contained form. Schopenhauer argues, in uniquely powerful prose, that self-consciousness gives the illusion of freedom and that human actions are determined, but that we rightly feel guilt because our actions issue from our essential individual character. He locates moral value in the virtues of loving kindness and voluntary justice that spring from the fundamental incentive of compassion. Morality's basis is ultimately metaphysical, resting on an intuitive identification of the self with all other striving and suffering beings. These essays, newly translated here with an introduction and notes, contain a critique of Kant's ethics, and advance a position that was in turn the target of criticism by Nietzsche. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

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Book Detail:
Author: Gila Sher
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191081299
Size: 51.96 MB
Format: PDF, Docs
Release Date: 2016-06-23
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 3605
Status: Available

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Download PDF Epistemic Friction eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. Gila Sher approaches knowledge from the perspective of the basic human epistemic situation—the situation of limited yet resourceful beings, living in a complex world and aspiring to know it in its full complexity. What principles should guide them? Two fundamental principles of knowledge are epistemic friction and freedom. Knowledge must be substantially constrained by the world (friction), but without active participation of the knower in accessing the world (freedom) theoretical knowledge is impossible. This requires a grounding of all knowledge, empirical and abstract, in both mind and world, but the fall of traditional foundationalism has led many to doubt the viability of this 'classical' project. The book challenges this skepticism, charting a new foundational methodology, foundational holism, that differs from others in being holistic, world-oriented, and universal (i.e., applicable to all fields of knowledge). Using this methodology, Epistemic Friction develops an integrated theory of knowledge, truth, and logic. This includes (i) a dynamic model of knowledge, incorporating some of Quine's revolutionary ideas while rejecting his narrow empiricism, (ii) a substantivist, non-traditional correspondence theory of truth, and (iii) an outline of a joint grounding of logic in mind and world. The model of knowledge subjects all disciplines to robust norms of both veridicality and conceptualization. The correspondence theory is at once robust, universal, and flexible, allowing multiple patterns of correspondence, including complex and indirect patterns. Logic's systematic grounding brings it in line with other disciplines without neglecting its strong necessity, generality, and normativity, which are explained by its semantic formality.

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Book Detail:
Author: David Miller
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351913123
Size: 64.50 MB
Format: PDF, ePub, Docs
Release Date: 2017-05-15
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
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Download PDF Out Of Error eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. If there has been some modest advance, since Karl Popper's death in 1994, in the general understanding of his critical rationalist theory of knowledge and philosophy of science, there is still widespread resistance both to it and to the recognition of the magnitude of his contribution. Popper long ago diagnosed the logical problems of traditional enlightenment rationalism (as did some irrationalists), but instead of pretending that they are readily solved or embracing irrational defeatism (as do postmodernists), he provided a cogent and liberating rationalist alternative. This book promotes, defends, criticizes, and refines this alternative. David Miller is the foremost exponent of the purist critical rationalist doctrine and here presents his mature views, discussing the role that logic and argument play in the growth of knowledge, criticizing the common understanding of argument as an instrument of justification, persuasion or discovery and instead advocating the critical rationalist view that only criticism matters. Miller patiently and thoroughly undoes the damage done by those writers who attack critical rationalism by invoking the sterile mythology of induction and justification that it seeks to sweep away. In addition his new material on the debate on verisimilitude is essential reading for all working in this field.

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Book Detail:
Author: Bhekuzulu Khumalo
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0557069521
Size: 18.33 MB
Format: PDF, Kindle
Release Date:
Category:
Language: en
View: 996
Status: Available

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Book Description
Download PDF The Fundamental Theory Of Knowledge eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad.

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Book Detail:
Author: Orna Harari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402027885
Size: 41.74 MB
Format: PDF, ePub, Docs
Release Date: 2005-02-15
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 1002
Status: Available

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Download PDF Knowledge And Demonstration eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. This study explores the theoretical relationship between Aristotle’s theory of syllogism and his conception of demonstrative knowledge. More specifically, I consider why Aristotle’s theory of demonstration presupposes his theory of syllogism. In reconsidering the relationship between Aristotle’s two Analytics, I modify this widely discussed question. The problem of the relationship between Aristotle’s logic and his theory of proof is commonly approached from the standpoint of whether the theory of demonstration presupposes the theory of syllogism. By contrast, I assume the theoretical relationship between these two theories from the start. This assumption is based on much explicit textual evidence indicating that Aristotle considers the theory of demonstration a branch of the theory of syllogism. I see no textual reasons for doubting the theoretical relationship between Aristotle’s two Analytics so I attempt to uncover here the common theoretical assumptions that relate the syllogistic form of reasoning to the cognitive state (i. e. , knowledge), which is attained through syllogistic inferences. This modification of the traditional approach reflects the wider objective of this essay. Unlike the traditional interpretation, which views the Posterior Analytics in light of scientific practice, this study aims to lay the foundation for a comprehensive interpretation of the Posterior Analytics, considering this work from a metaphysical perspective. One of my major assertions is that Aristotle’s conception of substance is essential for a grasp of his theory of demonstration in general, and of the role of syllogistic logic in particular.

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Book Detail:
Author: Alexander Naraniecki
Publisher: Rodopi
ISBN: 9401210454
Size: 13.45 MB
Format: PDF, ePub, Mobi
Release Date: 2014-01-10
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 7149
Status: Available

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Download PDF Returning To Karl Popper eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. Over the last few years there has been a resurgent interest in various scientific disciplines in Popper’s arguments. To gain a greater appreciation of Popper’s scientific arguments, they need to be viewed in relation to his broader philosophy and where this stands within the history of ideas. This book aims to take seriously those aspects of Popper’s writings that have received less attention and wherein he advanced metaphysical, speculative, mystical-poetic, aesthetic and Platonic arguments. Such arguments are crucial for an appreciation of his scientific and political writings. I argue that Popper, much like Wittgenstein previously has been misconstrued as an Anglo-analytic philosopher. This book provides an interpretation of Popper’s mature philosophy within his Central-European intellectual context. The aim of which is to open up a fruitful line of investigation into Popper’s thought that I hope would continue over the coming years. Alexander Naraniecki has spent time at the Popper Archives at the University of Klagenfurt in Austria whilst researching for this book. He has also been a visiting scholar at Duke University and has completed a postdoctoral research fellowship at Deakin University in Melbourne. Dr Naraniecki also publishes on issues relating to multiculturalism, globalization, cosmopolitanism as well as inter-cultural relations and dialogue. He has published on Popper in various leading journals such as Philosophy, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, and The European Legacy. He is currently building his research on Popper in a broader direction by exploring issues related to creativity and problem solving for critical thinking.

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Book Detail:
Author: J.R. Wordie
Publisher: Austin Macauley Publishers
ISBN: 1398428965
Size: 55.71 MB
Format: PDF, Kindle
Release Date: 2022-08-31
Category: Political Science
Language: en
View: 1223
Status: Available

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Book Description
Download PDF Philosophy In History How Ideas Have Shaped Our World eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. What kind of forces have shaped our modern world? Have they been political, economic, scientific, or perhaps even theological? The answer is that all of these forces have been at work, but they have all been the product of ideas, as our views on all of these topics have changed over time. Can ideas be more powerful than armies? Surprisingly, the answer is ‘yes’. History teaches us that nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come. Throughout history, rulers, generals and in our own day even stockbrokers and plutocrats have always imagined themselves to be in charge, with that last group even describing themselves as ‘masters of the universe’. In reality, however, all of these individuals have themselves been the products of ideas, owing their positions entirely to existing trends of thought. How this has come about and how it has delivered for us our present-day world are the themes explained in this book.

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Book Detail:
Author: Rudolf Steiner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Size: 23.71 MB
Format: PDF, ePub
Release Date: 2020-11-18
Category:
Language: en
View: 1586
Status: Available

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Book Description
Download PDF The Philosophy Of Spiritual Activity eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity (The Philosophy of Freedom): A Modern Philosophy of Life Developed by Scientific Methods There are two fundamental problems in the life of the human mind, to one or other of which everything belongs that is to be discussed in this book. One of these problems concerns the possibility of attaining to such a view of the essential nature of man as will serve as a support for whatever else comes into his life by way of experience or of science, and yet is subject to the suspicion of having no support in itself and of being liable to be driven, by doubt and criticism, into the limbo of uncertainties. The other problem is this: Is man, as voluntary agent, entitled to attribute freedom to himself, or is freedom a mere illusion begotten of his inability to recognise the threads of necessity on which his volition, like any natural event, depends? It is no artificial tissue of theories which provokes this question. In a certain mood it presents itself quite naturally to the human mind. And it is easy to feel that a mind lacks something of its full stature which has never once confronted with the utmost seriousness of inquiry the two possibilities-freedom or necessity. This book is intended to show that the spiritual experiences which the second problem causes man to undergo, depend upon the position he is able to take up towards the first problem. An attempt will be made to prove that there is a view concerning the essential nature of man which can support the rest of knowledge; and, further, an attempt to point out how with this view we gain a complete justification for the idea of free will, provided only that we have first discovered that region of the mind in which free volition can unfold itself.

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Book Detail:
Author: Karl Popper
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134470029
Size: 59.12 MB
Format: PDF, ePub, Mobi
Release Date: 2005-11-04
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 5753
Status: Available

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Book Description
Download PDF The Logic Of Scientific Discovery eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.

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Book Detail:
Author: Ian Charles Jarvie
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN: 9780754653752
Size: 36.88 MB
Format: PDF, ePub, Docs
Release Date: 2006
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 2776
Status: Available

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Book Description
Download PDF Karl Popper A Centenary Assessment Volume I eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. Sir Karl Popper (1902 1994) is one of the most controversial and widely read philosophers of the 20th century. His influence has been enormous in the fields of epistemology, logic, metaphysics, methodology of science, the philosophy of physics and biology, political philosophy, and the social sciences, and his intellectual achievement has stimulated many scholars in a wide range of disciplines. These three volumes of previously unpublished essays, which originate in the congress 'Karl Popper 2002' held in Vienna to mark the centenary of Popper's birth, provide an up-to-date examination of many aspects of Popper's life and thought. Volume 1 discusses a variety of topics in Popper's early intellectual history, and considers also some features of his remarkable influence outside philosophy. The second part of the volume contains papers that from different political perspectives tackle problems raised by Popper's principal contribution to political theory, democracy and community, "The Open Society and Its Enemies". Volume 2 deals especially with Popper's metaphysics and epistemology, including his proposal (critical rationalism) that it is through sharp criticism rather than through the provision of justification that our knowledge progresses. Several papers tackle the problem of the empirical basis, and offer decidedly different answers to some unresolved questions. The volume contains also a number of papers evaluating Popper's celebrated, but much contested, solution to Hume's problem of induction. Volume 3 examines Popper's contribution to our understanding of logic, mathematics, physics, biology, and the social sciences, from economics to education. Among the topics covered are: verisimilitude, quantum and statistical physics, the propensity interpretation of probability, evolutionary epistemology, the so-called Positivimusstreit, Popper's critique of Marx, and his defence of the rationality principle as a component of all social explanations.

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Book Detail:
Author: F. Stadler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402021968
Size: 75.32 MB
Format: PDF, Docs
Release Date: 2004-04-30
Category: Science
Language: en
View: 5458
Status: Available

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Book Description
Download PDF Induction And Deduction In The Sciences eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence. These contributions - accompanied with critical comments - by renowned scholars in the field of philosophy of science aim at removing the traditional opposition between inductivists and deductivists. They explore the different methods of explanation and justification in the sciences in different contexts and with different objectives. The volume contains contributions on methods of the sciences, especially on induction, deduction, abduction, laws, probability and explanation, ranging from logic, mathematics, natural to the social sciences. They present a highly topical pluralist re-evaluation of methodological and foundational procedures and reasoning, e.g. focusing in Bayesianism and Artificial Intelligence. They document the second international conference in Vienna on "Induction and Deduction in the Sciences" as part of the Scientific Network on "Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Philosophy of Science in Europe", funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF).

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Book Detail:
Author: Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107079748
Size: 26.47 MB
Format: PDF, Docs
Release Date: 2012-09-20
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 5725
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Download PDF Schopenhauer On The Fourfold Root Of The Principle Of Sufficient Reason And Other Writings eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. This volume of translations unites three shorter works by Arthur Schopenhauer that expand on themes from his book The World as Will and Representation. In On the Fourfold Root he takes the principle of sufficient reason, which states that nothing is without a reason why it is, and shows how it covers different forms of explanation or ground that previous philosophers have tended to confuse. Schopenhauer regarded this study, which he first wrote as his doctoral dissertation, as an essential preliminary to The World as Will. On Will in Nature examines contemporary scientific findings in search of corroboration of his thesis that processes in nature are all a species of striving towards ends; and On Vision and Colours defends an anti-Newtonian account of colour perception influenced by Goethe's famous colour theory. This is the first English edition to provide extensive editorial notes on the different published versions of these works.

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Book Detail:
Author: T. E. Burke
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 9780719009112
Size: 70.74 MB
Format: PDF, Kindle
Release Date: 1983
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 4146
Status: Available

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Book Description
Download PDF The Philosophy Of Popper eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 -17 September 1994) was an Austro-British philosopher and professor at the London School of Economics. He is generally regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of science of the 20th century. He also wrote extensively on social and political philosophy. [...] Popper is known for his attempt to repudiate the classical observationalist/Inductivist form of scientific method in favour of empirical falsification. He is also known for his opposition to the classical justificationist account of knowledge which he replaced with critical rationalism, "the first non justificational philosophy of criticism in the history of philosophy". In political discourse, he is known for his vigorous defence of liberal democracy and the principles of social criticism that he came to believe made a flourishing "open society" possible. -- From http://en.wikipedia.org (Sep. 7, 2012).

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Book Detail:
Author: Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316351793
Size: 61.92 MB
Format: PDF, Mobi
Release Date: 2015-10-14
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 7698
Status: Available

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Download PDF Schopenhauer Parerga And Paralipomena Volume 2 eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. With the publication of Parerga and Paralipomena in 1851, there finally came some measure of the fame that Schopenhauer thought was his due. Described by Schopenhauer himself as 'incomparably more popular than everything up till now', Parerga is a miscellany of essays addressing themes that complement his work The World as Will and Representation, along with more divergent, speculative pieces. It includes essays on method, logic, the intellect, Kant, pantheism, natural science, religion, education, and language. The present volume offers a new translation, a substantial introduction explaining the context of the essays, and extensive editorial notes on the different published versions of the work. This readable and scholarly edition will be an essential reference for those studying Schopenhauer, the history of philosophy, and nineteenth-century German philosophy.

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Book Detail:
Author: Michel ter Hark
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107320550
Size: 48.60 MB
Format: PDF, ePub
Release Date: 2003-02-09
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 3342
Status: Available

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Download PDF Popper Otto Selz And The Rise Of Evolutionary Epistemology eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. This book is about Karl Popper's early writings before he began his career as a philosopher. The purpose of the book is to demonstrate that Popper's philosophy of science, with its emphasis on the method of trial and error, is largely based on the psychology of Otto Selz, whose theory of problem solving and scientific discovery laid the foundation for much of contemporary cognitive psychology. By arguing that Popper's famous defence of the method of falsification as well as his elaboration of an evolutionary theory of knowledge are equally indebted to German psychology, Michel ter Hark challenges the received view of the development of Popper's philosophy. The book concludes with a reinterpretation of Popper's theory of the mind-body problem, emphasizing its contemporary relevance.

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Book Detail:
Author: Christopher Janaway
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780511780943
Size: 59.25 MB
Format: PDF, Mobi
Release Date: 2010-12-06
Category: Philosophy
Language: en
View: 3438
Status: Available

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Book Description
Download PDF Schopenhauer The World As Will And Representation eBook. You can read online on your kindle, Android, iPhone, iPad. First published in 1818, The World as Will and Representation contains Schopenhauer's entire philosophy, ranging through epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind and action, aesthetics and philosophy of art, to ethics, the meaning of life and the philosophy of religion, in an attempt to account for the world in all its significant aspects. It gives a unique and influential account of what is and is not of value in existence, the striving and pain of the human condition and the possibility of deliverance from it. This new translation of the first volume of what later became a two-volume work reflects the eloquence and power of Schopenhauer's prose and renders philosophical terms accurately and consistently. It offers an introduction, glossary of names and bibliography, and succinct editorial notes, including notes on the revisions of the text which Schopenhauer made in 1844 and 1859.

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